The gelation of such hydrogels occurs upon a specific stimulus, such as radiation, pH, or temperature change. These hydrogels are liquid under specific circumstances, allowing the application via a minimally invasive injection. Įspecially injectable hydrogels have received attention amongst researches in the last years. Due to their flexibility, hydrogels can adapt to the shape of bone defects and support the regeneration by delivering bioactive compounds or stem cells. Similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), these porous three-dimensional networks are able to store large amounts of water and solutes, allow the exchange of substances, as well as the ingrowth of cells from adjacent tissues. Hydrogels serve this purpose well and are extensively studied for use in regenerative medicine for various reasons. For the local application of fucoidan, an appropriate delivery system is needed which temporarily immobilizes and releases the molecule at the site of interest. These polysaccharides exhibit multifaceted bioactivities in processes which are essential for successful bone regeneration, including angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and inflammation. Fucoidans, sulfate-rich polysaccharides from the cell wall of brown algae, have shown to be promising candidates for the use in regenerative medicine. The local application of bioactive compounds or growth factors can stimulate molecular processes to support tissue regeneration. It is estimated that 5–10% of bone fractures fail to heal, causing long-term disability in the patient. However, large and irregular fractures or diseases such as diabetes can affect the regeneration of the tissue. This study demonstrates the potential of thermosensitive chitosan-collagen hydrogels as a delivery system for fucoidan and MSC for the use in regenerative medicine.īone tissue has good self-healing capacities. The hydrogel was biocompatible with MSC and OEC with a limitation for OEC encapsulation. Release assays showed that 60% and 80% of the fucoidan was released from the hydrogel after two and six days, respectively. Fucoidan integration into the hydrogel had no or only a minor impact on the mentioned physicochemical parameters compared to hydrogels which did not contain fucoidan. We found that the sol-gel transition occurred after approximately 1 min at 37 ☌. Further, human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) were cultured on top (2D) or inside the hydrogels (3D) to assess the biocompatibility. Physicochemical parameters such as gelation time, gelation temperature, swelling capacity, pH, and internal microstructure were studied. In the current study, we developed an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel for the delivery of fucoidan based on chitosan, collagen, and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). Especially injectable hydrogels stand out due to their minimal invasive application. Their structural resemblance with the extracellular matrix, their flexible shape, and capacity to deliver bioactive compounds or stem cells into the affected tissue make them promising materials for the support of healing processes. Hydrogels have become increasingly interesting biomaterials for the support of bone regeneration. To utilize fucoidans in regenerative medicine, a delivery system is needed which temporarily immobilizes the polysaccharide at the injured site. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, possess multiple bioactivities in regard to osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, all representing key molecular processes for successful bone regeneration.
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